Postmenopausal bleeding refers to any vaginal bleeding that occurs after a woman has gone through menopause, which is defined as the absence of menstruation for a consecutive 12 months. While it can be alarming, several factors may contribute to postmenopausal bleeding, ranging from hormonal imbalances to more serious issues such as endometrial cancer. Diagnosing the cause involves a thorough examination, including pelvic exams, imaging studies, and biopsies.